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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u63a8\u7406\uff08inference\uff09\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u9769\u65b0\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684 FP32\uff0832 \u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff09\u5230 FP16\uff0c\u518d\u5230 FP8\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u5c55\u5230 NVIDIA \u53d1\u5e03\u7684 NVFP4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e AI \u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u50cf\u540e\u8bad\u7ec3\u91cf\u5316\uff08PTQ\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u501f\u52a9 NVFP4 \u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u63a8\u7406\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728 \u2014\u2014 \u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e BF16 \u6216 FP8 \u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6536\u655b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6070\u6070\u662f AI \u5de5\u5382\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u591a\u8ba1\u7b97\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u7b97\u529b\u9884\u7b97\u6709\u9650\uff0cGPU \u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u7a00\u7f3a\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7cbe\u6253\u7ec6\u7b97 \u2014\u2014 \u4ece\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a token\uff0c\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5185\u3002\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u8bad\u7ec3\u591a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u5c11\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u591a\u5feb\u8fce\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f 4 \u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u5907\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u901a\u4fe1\u6548\u7387\uff0c4 \u6bd4\u7279\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9 AI \u5de5\u5382\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684 token\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u914d\u5408\u5408\u9002\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e FP8 \u6216 BF16 \u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u6a21\u578b\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5355\u4f4d\u7b97\u529b\u80fd\u8fd0\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bad\u7ec3\u51fa\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8282\u7701\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86 AI \u5de5\u5382\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    NVFP4 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0 4 \u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u82f1\u4f1f\u8fbe\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 NVFP4 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u6ce2\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u503c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Blackwell \u662f NVIDIA \u9996\u4e2a\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301 FP4 \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002GB200 \u548c GB300 \u4e0a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 FP4 FLOPs \u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u901f\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6536\u655b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 4 \u6bd4\u7279\u8bad\u7ec3 \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e8e FP4 \u7684 AI \u5de5\u5382\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e0b\u56fe 1 \u663e\u793a\u4e86 Blackwell Ultra \u7684 GEMM \u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4 Hopper \u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 7 \u500d\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLM\uff09\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5176\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\u6216\u7ebf\u6027\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u8ba1\u7b97\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    FP4 \u7cbe\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u6240\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684 GEMM \u52a0\u901f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u663e\u8457\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f29\u77ed\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u56fe 1\uff1a\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684 GEMM \u6027\u80fd\u663e\u793a\uff0cGB300 \u76f8\u6bd4 Hopper \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 7 \u500d\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u5feb\u7684 FP4 \u4f18\u5316\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6838\u5fc3 LLM \u8bad\u7ec3\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0cNVIDIA \u7684 NVFP4 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6848\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u9879\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7cbe\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. \u5229\u7528 NVFP4 \u7684\u5fae\u5757\u7f29\u653e\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u503c\u8868\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Blackwell \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9 NVFP4 \u7684\u539f\u751f Tensor Core \u652f\u6301\u3002NVFP4 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd 4 \u4f4d\u6570\u503c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5fae\u5757\u7f29\u653e\u6280\u672f \u2014\u2014 \u6bcf 16 \u4e2a 4 \u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4 MXFP4 \u5c06\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u4e3a 32 \u5143\u7d20\uff0cNVFP4 \u5c06\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u7f29\u5c0f\u81f3 16 \u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u3002\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u6574\u4f53\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. \u4f7f\u7528 E4M3 \u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u7684 NVFP4 \u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5757\u7f16\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e 2 \u7684\u5e42\uff08E8M0\uff09\u4e14\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u820d\u5165\u8bef\u5dee\u7684 MXFP4\uff0cNVFP4 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u989d\u5916\u5c3e\u6570\u4f4d\u7684\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6 E4M3 \u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u7f29\u653e\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5757\u5185\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8868\u793a\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u91cd\u5851\u5f20\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    LLM \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u5e45\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u5bf9 GEMM \u8f93\u5165\u5e94\u7528 Hadamard \u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u5e03\u91cd\u5851\u4e3a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e73\u6ed1\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f20\u91cf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u6362\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u524d\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5c42\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. \u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u6280\u672f\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u8bad\u7ec3\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u82f1\u4f1f\u8fbe\u91c7\u7528\u4fdd\u6301\u524d\u5411\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5757\u91cf\u5316\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5f20\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\u5931\u771f\u3001\u6539\u5584\u6536\u655b\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u6574\u4f53\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728 NVFP4 \u7b49\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. \u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u820d\u5165\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u5dee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\u820d\u5165\u603b\u662f\u5411\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u503c\u820d\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u820d\u5165\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6570\u503c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6309\u6982\u7387\u5411\u4e0a\u6216\u5411\u4e0b\u820d\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u820d\u5165\u504f\u5dee\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\u68af\u5ea6\u6d41\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u56fe 2\uff1a\u82f1\u4f1f\u8fbe\u7684 NVFP4 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e07\u4ebf\u7ea7 Token \u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8981\u8ba9\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b\u7cbe\u5ea6\u548c\u6536\u655b\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30 4 \u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u82f1\u4f1f\u8fbe\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a 120 \u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6df7\u5408 Mamba-Transformer \u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0812B Hybrid Mamba-Transformer\uff09\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86 FP8 \u548c NVFP4 \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 2\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5305\u542b 10 \u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a token \u7684\u8d85\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 70% \u9636\u6bb5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 90% \u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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    \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe 4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0cNVFP4 \u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u5747\u4e0e FP8 \u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u9886\u57df\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53cd\u8d85\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e07\u4ebf token \u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\uff0cNVFP4 \u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u524d\u6cbf\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u56fe 4\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u4f7f\u7528 FP8 \u7cbe\u5ea6\uff08\u57fa\u7ebf\uff09\u548c NVFP4 \u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9 120 \u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7684 Hybrid Mamba-Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u806a\u660e\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u52a0\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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